2022金砖国家工业创新大赛

入围决赛项目信息

一、参赛项目名称（中文）

两阶热循环氨燃料直线发动机

二、参赛项目名称（英文）

Ammonia-fueled Linear Generator Engine with Two-stage Compression and Expansion Thermal Cycle

三、参赛单位（中文）

哈尔滨工程大学

四、参赛单位（英文）

Harbin Engineering University

五、项目简介（中文）

全球变暖问题迫使温室气体减排成为世界各国的重要发展战略。目前，能源和交通运输领域的二氧化碳排放已经达到全球碳排放的69%，作为主要动力的内燃机则是其主要来源之一。因此，在“双碳”战略目标的牵引下，急需实现国民经济主动力内燃机的零碳排放。

现有内燃机以化石燃料为主，难以解决零碳排放问题，采用零碳燃料——氨已成为实现碳中和主要途径。然而，氨燃料最小着火能量高，现有内燃机难以直接将其压燃，且燃烧速度慢、温度低，导致功率输出与热效率低下。本项目开发了一套零碳高效的两阶热循环氨燃料直线发动机，突破了氨燃料活性催化压燃、高压高效热力循环和稳定直线传动等关键技术，并与俄罗斯合作攻关氨燃料喷射技术，形成了氨燃料定压压燃技术、两阶相继热力循环技术和大小缸同步稳定直线运动技术的主要技术创新。该项目发表TOP期刊论文3篇；申请中国发明专利11项，国际发明专利4项，现已授权中国发明专利7项，俄罗斯发明专利1项，美国发明专利1项；解决了氨燃料发动机难着火、效率低等难题，理论上有效热效率突破60%并实现了零碳排放，能够替代现有大功率内燃机产业，形成新型自主技术路线，支撑“双碳”战略的具体落实，为构建零碳绿色循环社会提供动力保障。

六、项目简介（英文）

The problem of global warming forces greenhouse gas emission reduction to become an important development strategy for all countries in the world. At present, CO2 emissions from the energy and transportation sector have reached 69% of global carbon emissions, while the internal combustion engine as the main power is one of the main sources. Therefore, under the traction of " peak carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality " strategic goal, it is urgent to realize zero carbon emission of internal combustion engine as the main power of national economy.

The existing internal combustion engine is dominated by fossil fuels, which is difficult to solve the problem of zero carbon emission. The use of zero carbon fuel -- ammonia has become the main way to achieve carbon neutrality. However, due to the high minimum ignition energy of ammonia fuel, it is difficult for existing internal combustion engines to realize its compression ignition, and the combustion speed is slow and the temperature is low, resulting in low power output and thermal efficiency.This project has developed a set of zero-carbon and high-efficiency ammonia-fueled linear generator engine with two-stage compression and expansion thermal cycle, which has broken through key technologies such as ammonia active catalytic compression combustion, high pressure and high-efficiency thermal cycle and stable linear transmission. This project has cooperated with Russia to solve the problem of ammonia fuel injection technology, and has formed the main technological innovations of ammonia high explosive pressure constant pressure compression combustion and the two-stage compression expansion thermal cycle as well as the synchronous and stable linear motion of big and small cylinders. This project has published 3 TOP journal papers and applied for 11 Chinese invention patents and 4 international invention patents, among which 7 Chinese invention patents, 1 Russian invention patent and 1 American invention patent have been authorized. This project has solved the problems of hard ignition and low efficiency of traditional ammonia fuel engine, and exceeded an ultrahigh effective thermal efficiency over 60% theoretically and achieved the zero carbon emission completely. This project could replace the existing high-power internal combustion engine industry and form a new independent technology route, and could also support the specific implementation of “peak carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality” strategy, providing formidable power for the construction of zero carbon green cycle society.

七、展示图片

八、金砖元素

为突破氨燃料高压喷射技术，团队与俄罗斯鲍曼国立技术大学开展国际合作，并引进Grekhov Leonid教授获得国家高层次人才（海外）支持计划。Grekhov Leonid教授在国际上首次揭示了电-磁-机-液-热多场协同对高共轨喷油器动态喷射性能稳定性的影响机理，开发了可以适用于不同结构类型的高压共轨燃油喷射系统设计的计算软件。团队与Grekhov Leonid教授合作攻关氨燃料高压喷射系统，在教授指导下，团队突破高压氨燃料流动过程中的非等温性、高压油管压力波动、动态喷射稳定性等难题，使氨燃料喷射性能满足直喷高爆压压燃的需求，并申请了俄罗斯发明专利“船舶柴油机氨燃料供给系统（2761286）”。